Role of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in assessing early curative effect of rosuvastatin on carotid atherosclerotic plaques / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To study the role of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in assessing early curative effect of rosuvastatin on carotid atherosclerotic plaques.Methods Twenty-five patients with lipid-rich necrotic core carotid atherosclerotic plaques received intensive rosuvastatin treatment (5-20 mg/d) for 2 years,and carotid artery DCE-MRI at baseline before treatment and at months 3,12 and 24 after rosuvastatin treatment.Their adventitial transfer constant (K) and fractional plasma volume (Vp) were measured and compared during the rosuvastatin treatment.Results The Vp was significantly smaller at months 3,12 and 24 after rosuvastatin treatment than at baseline before rosuvastatin treatment (0.09±0.05,0.07±0.04 and 0.06±0.05 vs 0.12± 0.06,P＜0.05) with a reduction of 25.0％ after 3 months of rosuvastatin treatment and a gradual reduction after 24 months of rosuvastatin treatment (P＜0.05).The adventitial K was mildly reduced after 24 months of rosuvastatin treatment (P＞0.05).Conclusion DCE-MRI can assess the early curative effect of rosuvastatin on carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Protective effect of microRNA-218 silencing on kidney tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of microRNA-218 (miR-218) silencing on kidney tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy rats and the potential mechanism.METHODS: The diabetic rat model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg).Meanwhile, the miR-218 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral vector was constructed.The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: healthy control group, diabetes group, empty vector group and miR-218-shRNA group.The blood glucose, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the rats at different time points (4, 8 and 12 weeks) were measured by an automated analyzer.The expression of miR-218 was detected by RT-qPCR, while the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nephrin and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels in the kidney tissues was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The caspase-3 activity was detected by caspase-3 activity assay kit, and the cell apoptosis of the kidney tissues was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).RESULTS: Compared with healthy control group, the expression of miR-218 was significantly increased in STZ-treated rats.Meanwhile, the concentrations of blood glucose, 24 h urinary protein, SCr and BUN were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats (P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 and nephrin was significantly decreased, while the level of phosphorylated p38 MAPK was significantly increased in STZ-treated rats.In addition, the activity of caspase-3 was also significantly increased in STZ-treated rats.When the model rats were infected with miR-218-shRNA, the expression of miR-218 was significantly decreased and the above effects were markedly reversed.Furthermore, TUNEL results showed that compared with diabetic group and empty vector group, miR-218 silencing significantly attenuated the cell apoptosis in the kidney tissues in miR-218-shRNA group.CONCLUSION: miR-218 is involved in the kidney injury in diabetic rats, and silencing of miR-218 by lentiviral vector-mediated miR-218-shRNA transfection effectively inhibits kidney cell apoptosis, suggesting that miR-218 is a potential target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Image Quality of Low Dose Computed Tomography Combined with Iterative Model Reconstruction Technique in Preoperative Evaluation of Breast Cancer / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the value of low dose CT combined with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) technique for evaluation of both breast lesion and pulmonary metastasis in patients with breast cancer,and compare the effects of IMR,hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and filtered back projection (FBP) techniques on image quality.Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with solitary tumor confirmed by mammography and/or ultrasonography at Navy General Hospital from January to May in 2016 were enrolled,and the related breast imaging reporting and data system reached to level 4 and above.All patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT with different tube current for breast (scanning 6 times within 6 minutes) and chest scans;the conventional tube current (61 mAs) was used at the 2 minutes phase after injection,and the low tube current (10 mAs) was used at the other 5 phases.CT images were reconstructed with FBP,HIR and IMR techniques,respectively.The images of breast lesions and chest in 2 minutes scans were evaluated objectively and subjectively.Results The mean effective radiation dose was (2.15 ± 0.39) mSv.The images of 3 reconstruction techniques at the 2 minutes phase were compared,and the IMR images showed the lowest image noise and the optimal contrast to noise ratio (P＜0.05).The images quality of 3 kinds of reconstruction techniques was acceptable,of which IMR was better than HIR and FBP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Low dose CT scan combined with IMR technique can remain low radiation with dose of 2 mSv,while maintaining good image quality,which can be used for preoperative evaluation of both breast lesion and pulmonary metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

Myocardial protection of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor against hypoxia injury / 军事医学

Objective To verify enzyme activity inhibition of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor ( HDACi ) JZ005 using an HDACi chemiluminescence detection kit and a cell-based screening model .Methods The plasmid with p21 gene promoter elements and luciferase reporter gene was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells 293 , and the stable transfectants were established by G418 screening.Enzyme activity inhibition of JZ005 on histone deacetylases (HDACs) was verified by the HDACi chemiluminescence detection kit and the cell-based screening model .A well-known HDACi , tri-chostatin A ( TSA) was used as the positive control .MTT assay was used to detect the protection of rat H 9c2 myocardial cells suffering from CoCl 2-induced hypoxia and treated with different concentrations of JZ 005 .The expression of acetylated histone H3 protein of normal and CoCl 2-induced hypoxia H9c2 cells before and after JZ005 treatment was assayed by West-ern blotting while the effect of drug administration on apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry ( FCM) .Results An HDA-Ci cell-based screening system targeting the p21 gene promoter was ranging established .The JZ005, a HDACi, markedly suppressed the activity of HDACs by more than 50%with the concentration ranging from 50 to 400 μmol/L.JZ005 signifi-cantly protected H9c2 cells from hypoxia injury .Cell viability was increased by 38.33%,56.00% and 35.20% compared with control,accompanied by an enhanced acetylation level of histone H 3.JZ005(25,50 and 100 μmol/L) treatment sig-nificantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (6.63%,10.56% and 8.89%) compared to control group (12.89%). Conclusion An HDACi cell-based screening system is successfully established .JZ005 effectively protects myocardial cells against hypoxia injury while enhancing the acetylation level of histone H 3.Our results indicate that JZ005 might be developed as a potential drug for hypoxia treatment .

Electrocardiogram-gated Multi-detector CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Age-related Carotid Artery Elasticity / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the correlation between carotid elasticity and age using electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated multi-detector CT angiography (MDCTA).Materials and Methods ECG-gated multiple phases MDCTA was performed on 34 vascular health subjects. Cross-section of the internal carotid artery (ICA), carotid bulb (CB) and common carotid artery (CCA) were measured at different phases. Carotid elasticity at ICA (EICA), CB (ECB) and CCA (ECCA) was calculated based on the carotid cross-sectional area changes and pulse pressure (PP).Results The EICA, ECB and ECCA showed significantly negative linear correlation with age (r=-0.73,-0.74 and-0.64,P<0.01). Conclusion The ECG-gated MDCTA is a novel method to evaluate carotid elasticity quantitatively and reliably. Carotid elasticity decreases with aging in vascular health population.

Scan time reduction with a small field-of-view quadruple inversion-recovery high-resolution contrast-enhanced MRI for carotid atherosclerosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reduce the acquisition time of carotid high-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI), we designed a small field-of-view (FOV) quadruple-inversion-recovery (SF-QIR) T1WI and evaluated the image quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four subjects with carotid plaque were enrolled in our study. All the subjects were imaged using the same 3.0T MRI by SF-QIR and standard rectangular FOV QIR (SrF-QIR) with identical parameters except for the phase-encoding step numbers and the RF excitation methods. Three independent readers qualitatively evaluated the differences between the two sequences in regard of the carotid outer wall border delineation, fibrous cap and lipid-rich necrotic core (LR-NC) border delineation, and diagnostic confidence. The quantitative measurements included maximal stenosis, wall area, LR-NC area, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The inter-reader variability was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The application of SF-QIR combined with orthogonal radio frequency excitation resulted in nearly half of the scan time with the SrF-QIR. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment by the readers revealed no significant differences between the two sequences except for SNR and CNR (Pgt;0.05). Since the mean loss of SNR with SF-QIR was 37.7%, SrF-QIR demonstrated a superior performance in SNR (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The small FOV QIR sequence is effective in high-resolution CEMRI for evaluating carotid plaques and can effectively reduce the scan time and eliminate motion artifacts.</p>

Feasibility of carotid bifurcation angle measurement with oblique sagittal T(1)-weighted black-blood magnetic resonance imaging / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility by oblique sagittal T(1)-weighted (QIR-FSE) black-blood sequence for measurement of the carotid bifurcation angle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients undergoing carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were divided in normal group and plaque group. Carotid bifurcation angle was measured by both 2D-TOF and oblique sagittal T(1)W (QIR-FSE) black-blood sequence, and the measurement was repeated after 3 months to evaluate the reproducibility. The measurement results using 2D-TOF and oblique sagittal T(1)W (QIR-FSE) black-blood sequence were compared to assess the consistency of the two sequences. Four different angles of each carotid artery were measured from different locations on oblique sagittal T(1)W. The ratio of the bilateral carotid bifurcation angle (Right/Left) was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten patients in each group were enrolled after excluding 3 patients. Strong correlations were found between the results of the first and the second measurements for both 2D-TOF and oblique sagittal T(1)W sequences. No significant difference was found between the two sequences in the ratio of bilateral carotid bifurcation angle (right/left), nor in the 4 angles from different locations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oblique sagittal T(1)-weighted (QIR-FSE) black-blood sequence can be used to measure the carotid bifurcation angle.</p>

Quantitative measurement of carotid atherosclerotic plaque by high-resolution three- dimensional black-blood magnetic resonance imaging / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of high-resolution three-dimensional black-blood magnetic resonance imaging (3D-BB-MRI) in quantitative measurement of carotid atherosclerotic plaque by comparison with two-dimensional black-blood magnetic resonance imaging (2D-BB-MRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients were scanned with routine 2D and oblique-sagittal 3D-BB-MRI. The original oblique-sagittal 3D images were reformatted to an axial 2D-like dataset. Two experienced radiologists identified the interested slice in consensus for every patient (unilateral carotid artery) in 2D-BB-MRI images and matched the axial reformatted 3D images with 2D black-blood images. Plaque thickness (PT), lumen area (LA) and total vessel area (TVA) were measured, and lumen stenosis (LS) and normalized wall index (NWI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no measurement difference between 2D-BB-MRI and reformatted 3D-BB-MRI (P>0.05), and these two methods had a good correlation (r<0.9). The Bland-Altman chart showed that 2D-BB-MRI and 3D-BB-MRI were in good agreement in the measurement of PT, LA and TVA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3D-BB-MRI and 2D-BB-MRI have no obvious difference in quantitative measurement of the carotid plaques. 3D-BB-MRI can demonstrate the vessels and plaques by multiplanar reconstruction and thus have better performance in evaluating carotid atherosclerosis compared with 2D-BB-MRI.</p>

Clinical study of holmium laser lithotrity by percutaneous nephroscope in treatment of 103 cases with renal calculi / 中国基层医药

Objective Discusses the clinical effect of makes the micro fistula after Pi Shenjing the holmium laser lithotrity treatment kidney stone and the complication prevention measure. Method Under the color ultra locali-zatiun puncture,and after making the micro fistual,uacs the wolf sign(WOLF)8/9.8 F ureter hard mirror,apphes the holmium laser stone crusher,the power establishes in 12～20 W,carries on crushed stone parallel conjunction Shi Qianqu the stone. Results This group of 103 examples,the even puncture is successful. The single channel crushed stone takes the stone 97 examples, the double channel takes the stone 6 examples. The complete case main stone is taken out, the pure renal pelvis or the calyx stone takes leads is 96% only, sends, the cast or the antler stone takes on-ly leads is 67%. Surgery time is 90～150 min generally,the special 1 example 7 hours,in the technique the obvious oozing of blood 5 examples,the surgery ended when the serious massive hemorrhage 1 example,changed the opening surgery, the excision trouble kidney,periphery did not have the internal organs damage and the death case. After the technique,is hospitalized the time is 7 ~ 15 d. After the technique,pcor character in vitro seismic wave crushed stone case. Makes a follow-up visit the complete case 2 ~ 6 months, hematuria, frequent micturition, the urine pain and the waist ache symptom vanishes,non-stone recrudescence. Conclusion Micro makes the fistula after Pi Shenjing the liolmium laser lithotrity has the wound to be small,the complication few,restores,unvoiced aspirated consonants to e-liminate the stone rate high quickly, the curative effect accurate and so on merits, is worth the clinical promoted use.